It is performed based on the foundation layout. Once the foundation is selected, the soil is excavated to construct the foundation. For high-rise building, pile foundation is employed. Shallow foundations are required for low-rise building. If necessary, soil testing is performed to check the bearing capacity. Based on the soil type and water table level of the area, the foundation chosen can vary. Foundation / Substructure ConstructionД«uilding structures are generally constructed on concrete foundations.

After the completion of the whole project, a final inspection is performed.Д¤. Inspections are performed at different stages on structural, building codes, the utilities, HVAC, electrical works etc. Read More: Steps in Preparing Site for Construction Projects -Soil Report, Excavation This is followed by an inspection from the government officials.

Mostly the works needed to set up the utilities are prepared. The necessary excavation for utilities, power, water and sanitation lines, temporary storage facilities are prepared. Based on the site and building plan, necessary excavations, leveling, and filling can be undergone to prepare the site. Possessing insurance for the required parties helps to save the owner and the contractor.ДЇrom here, the actual construction process starts. Permits and insurance are obtained from different sources in cities and states.ДЄ construction work conducted without permits results in project delay or project demolition or huge fines. Permits and Insurance in Building ConstructionД«efore starting a building construction, the owner must make sure that one has necessary permits taken to start the construction. Read More: Types of Drawings used in Building Construction 2. The contract mentions the completion period and necessary guides, exclusions to remove claims. The contractor and the owner must agree to contract based on which the project is implemented. The cost calculated include:Д«ased on the estimated cost, either a bidding process is performed or the project to handover to a known contractor. The structural design details, the material estimates are prepared which help to derive project cost estimate. Once the plan is in hand, the finance and total cost is estimated. The building plan is developed based on the ownerвЂ™s requirements and budget. Sometimes, an appropriate site is selected after the building layout is prepared. Once the site where the building project is indented to construct is chosen, the expertise of engineers and architects are taken to develop the site and the building plan. The planning in building construction involves three major steps: In general, the basic steps involved in a building project are briefly explained. There may be variations as every project is unique and follows different design and construction process. Fig.1.Construction Flow in Building Construction( Image Courtesy: Quantumci)

Construction Cost Handbook Malaysia